Florida faces a critical challenge in wetland management as invasive species threaten ecosystem integrity across the state. The South Florida Water Management District identifies approximately 200 introduced plant and animal species established in the region, with 66 non-native plant species designated as priorities for control. Current management strategies rely heavily on mechanical removal, prescribed burns, and herbicide applications—methods that are expensive, labor-intensive, and may have unintended ecological consequences.
Simultaneously, livestock grazing in wetland environments remains controversial and understudied, particularly in subtropical climates. While extensive research documents livestock impacts on wetlands, the vast majority focuses on cattle in temperate regions. Research on sheep grazing in subtropical wetlands, specifically using parasite-resistant hair sheep breeds, remains critically limited.

1579 Walsh Street Oviedo,
Florida 32765

© 2025 Black Hammock Family Farm.
All rights reserved.
Katahdin sheep represent a unique opportunity for Florida wetland management due to their specific biological adaptations:
Parasite Resistance: Research demonstrates that Katahdin sheep possess significantly higher parasite resistance than conventional wool breeds. Studies conducted at Virginia Tech and Arkansas showed Katahdin sheep had fecal egg counts 45% lower than Dorper crosses and required substantially less anthelmintic treatment than wool breeds. Their Caribbean hair sheep ancestry provides genetic resistance evolved in hot, humid, high-parasite environments—precisely the conditions present in Florida wetlands.
Climate Adaptation: Katahdin sheep demonstrate well-developed heat tolerance in tropical and subtropical regions. Their hair coat (rather than wool) allows superior thermoregulation in humid conditions where wool breeds experience heat stress. University of Florida research identifies Katahdin as one of six meat breeds demonstrating ability to naturally minimize parasite burdens in Florida conditions.
Selective Grazing Behavior: Sheep exhibit different grazing patterns than cattle. Research indicates sheep nibble grass close to the ground and selectively consume flowers and certain vegetation types. This selective grazing could target specific invasive plant species while minimizing impact on desired native vegetation.
Reduced Wetland Impact: Sheep are lighter and more agile than cattle, causing less soil compaction and trampling damage. Studies in New Zealand and British Columbia specifically noted that sheep grazing can be preferable to cattle in fragile wetland environments vulnerable to poaching (soil damage from hoofprints in wet conditions).
Vegetation Management Without Chemicals: Multiple studies demonstrate that moderate grazing intensity can increase plant species diversity and control dominant invasive species that exclude less competitive native plants. Research in California vernal pools showed that reintroduced grazing at moderate stocking rates significantly increased both diversity and native cover after just two years. European wetland studies found that patchy, occasionally intense grazing increased protected plant species and habitat heterogeneity while benefiting both conservation and agricultural goals.
Cost-Effective Management: The solar grazing industry demonstrates that sheep can provide effective, economical vegetation management. While mechanical mowing requires expensive equipment, fuel, and risks panel/infrastructure damage, sheep provide continuous low-cost maintenance while generating potential revenue through meat production.
Ecosystem Services: Properly managed grazing can create habitat heterogeneity that benefits wildlife. Research in Hungarian marshes showed increases in wetland bird populations, protected plant species, and patches of open vegetation with grazing intensity gradients. The key is avoiding continuous heavy grazing while allowing patchy, varied grazing pressure.
Carbon Footprint Reduction: Replacing mechanical vegetation management eliminates fossil fuel consumption for mowers while integrating livestock production into ecosystem restoration.
Hypothesis: Katahdin sheep grazing at moderate stocking densities (2-4 sheep/acre for 2-4 week periods) will significantly reduce biomass of target invasive species compared to ungrazed control areas, while maintaining or increasing native plant species diversity.
Hypothesis: Moderate-intensity sheep grazing will maintain water quality parameters (turbidity, nitrogen, phosphorus, fecal coliform bacteria) within acceptable ranges for wetland ecosystem health, with impacts significantly lower than documented cattle grazing effects.
Hypothesis: Katahdin sheep grazing on Florida wetland vegetation will maintain adequate body condition scores and parasite resistance within acceptable management thresholds, requiring no more than 15% of animals to need anthelmintic treatment during the grazing period.
Hypothesis: Sheep grazing vegetation management costs will be ≤50% of equivalent mechanical mowing and herbicide application costs over a 12-month period, while producing marketable lamb weight gain.
Hypothesis: Sheep grazing vegetation management costs will be ≤50% of equivalent mechanical mowing and herbicide application costs over a 12-month period, while producing marketable lamb weight gain.
All sheep management will follow American Veterinary Medical Association guidelines
Monitoring protocols ensure early detection of heat stress or health issues
Access to shade, clean water, and supplemental minerals as needed
Immediate veterinary intervention protocols established
Grazing exclusion during critical wildlife breeding/nesting periods
Monitoring for any decline in threatened or endangered species
Adaptive management to respond to unintended impacts
Coordination with Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Results may be specific to Black Hammock Farm's wetland types and may not generalize to all Florida wetlands
Seasonal variation requires multi-year data collection for robust conclusions
Initial infrastructure investment may limit adoption by other landowners
Weather variability in Florida may affect consistency of grazing schedules
Discover proven strategies for Katahdin sheep breeding. Learn how nutrition, genetics, and reproductive management drive higher conception rates and healthier lamb crops.iption ...more
All about Herd
November 04, 2025•18 min read

In Florida’s relentless summer heat, Katahdin sheep don’t just survive—they thrive. Discover how this resilient, heat-tolerant breed is transforming wetland vegetation management by turning invasive o... ...more
Sheep and Eco Management
November 01, 2025•36 min read

Katahdin sheep take the fight to Florida’s wetland edges, where invasive plants first take root. Through targeted grazing, they restore balance to transitional zones—nature’s front line in protecting ... ...more
Sheep and Eco Management
October 31, 2025•26 min read

Katahdin sheep are transforming Florida’s wetlands. Through targeted grazing, these hardy, low-impact grazers naturally clear invasive plants, restore native growth, and help rebuild the delicate bala... ...more
Sheep and Eco Management
October 26, 2025•17 min read

Seminole County protects 8,500 wetland acres around Lake Jesup. But protection isn't management. Could local Katahdin sheep operations pioneer new solutions? ...more
Sheep and Eco Management
October 20, 2025•9 min read

We have the sheep. We have the science. We have the need. Why isn't anyone connecting the dots? The final chapter of our Katahdin wetland series. ...more
Sheep and Eco Management
October 18, 2025•16 min read


1579 Walsh Street Oviedo,
Florida 32765

© 2025 Black Hammock Family Farm. All rights reserved.